Egypt has still more than 4 billion barrels of proved oil reserves, corresponding to 15 times the annual production of crude oil. The annual production has, however decreased since its high (340 million barrels) in 1995 to approximately 250 in 2005 (34 million tons). Egypt will be able to maintain this level for a few more years before production must be further reduced.
Domestic consumption has increased and leaves an ever smaller margin of net product exports. Egypt has stemmed and avoids becoming oil importer in the short term. In the medium term, Egypt will become net importer with increasing amounts.
Egypt has in 2008 sufficient refinery capacity to process its own production and new capacity is planned.  The refinery output, however, yields a surplus of heavy products which is exported and lighter products like diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are imported.

Egypt has proven gas reserves of approximately 2 trillion cubic meters or just over 1% of the word total. The natural gas production reached 42 Billion m3 in 2005 corresponding to over 40 Million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) and continued to rise to 47 Bm3 in 2007. Natural gas production is expected to rise further. The reserves are sufficient to expand gas production for a while. The expansion profile has, however repercussions on the remaining reserves. Between 2025 and 2035, the reserves will start to require production restrictions. About 10% of the gross natural gas production is either flared or reinjected and approximately 15% is auto-consumed or lost in the pipelines to consumers or export. 

Domestic natural gas consumption is close to 35 Bm3, leaving an increasing amount of over 10 Bm3 for exports. Exports through pipeline have commenced since 2003 to Jordan and later to Syria. This pipeline is going to be prolonged to Lebanon and  Turkey, connecting the European grid.  Gas exports to Israel have started in 2008. Very significant Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) exports have started from LNG ports. The various plans to use natural gas increasingly in domestic markets as well as high export plans may, in the long run, i.e. after 2025, not be sustainable in view of remaining reserves. 

Biofuel production is in 2008 still on a pilot level and provides no significant quantities to the fuel market.

There are possibilities to reduce own consumption.  In refineries, steam and waste gas recovery are particularly options in older plants.  Increased combined heat and power production in refineries would reduce overall energy consumption. Similarly, leak reduction in pipelines and pumping stations are important preservative measures to be taken. 

The introduction of biofuels would curb somewhat the demand growth for transportation fuels and the need for refinery structural change. However, sustainability demands that such biofuels be only produced from residues or land and water resources not required for food production.
Gas from landfills and sewage treatment plants as well as biogas could complement the natural gas supply or be used on site to produce electricity and/or heat.  Biogenic gas could become an energy source, provided the waste, residues and waste water treatment in Egypt would become more organized and available. Currently, some CDM projects collect methane from landfills only to flare it.
Another important contribution would come from gas, which is currently flared or vented in crude oil and gas production sites. Vented gas like gas losses from pipelines contribute particularly to green house gas accumulation in the atmosphere, as methane is a more effective GHG than carbon dioxide (CO2).  Flare gas is producing CO2 without making use of the energy content.  Egypt's efforts to reduce venting and flaring of gas are considered successful however important quantities are flared and could be used for power generation.
Another potential area of energy efficiency is the electricity consumption in the oil and gas sector for pumping and compressor stations.

World Bank collaborates with EGPC in its Gas flaring initiative

The rehabilitation of the SUMED oil pipeline pumping stations is planned within the WB Clean Technology Initiative.

EIB is providing financial assistance to the  Upper Egypt gas pipeline

CDM projects have been accepted to collect methan from landfills, only to flare it not using it as an energy source.

Numerous attempts of public TA and private sector initiatives are made to develop Jatropha plantations irrigated from waste water and sludge and to produce biodiesel. e.g. JBIC started research on the possibility of starting a Jatropha BDF development (about one hundred thousand ha) in Egypt from June, 2007